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The "Conspiracy" to Kill Cold Fusion

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

From a world changing invention to career ruining scandal in just one summer.
If you'd like to support the production of my next documentary you can do so here: https://go.nebula.tv/17pages?ref=bobbybroccoli

Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jn92eWhGG14
Part 2: https://youtu.be/EbfJFPVApu8?si=affeChyS7qbwL7QD
Twitter profile: https://x.com/BobbyBroccole
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/c/bobbybroccoli
Research assistant: Chris Pepin
Assistant editor: Charlie Arsenault
Script Feedback: Chris Pepin, Charlie Arsenault, Boundo
Thumbnail by Hotcyder (@hotcyder )
Data for publication rate by year compiled by Daniel Jarabek
Blender assistance from Chris Hanel (@ChrisHanel )
Music from the Youtube Audio Library, Epidemic Sound, and White bat Audio (@WhiteBatAudio )
3D Models (TV, whiteboard, phone, office supplies) licensed from CGTrader. Additional imagery licensed from Getty Images and the Associated Press.

Sources:
Fleischmann, M., and S. Pons. 1989. Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 261:301–308.
Fleischmann, M., and S. Pons et. al. 1990. Calorimetry of the palladium-deuterium-heavy water system. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 287:293–348.
Jones, S.E, E.P Palmer, J.B Czirr, D.L Decker, G.L Jensen, J.M Thorne, S.F Taylor, and J Rafelski. 1989. Observation of cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter. Nature 388:737–740.
Televised March 23rd 1989 Press Conference at the University of Utah announcing cold fusion.
Bad Science: The Short Life and Weird Times of Cold Fusion (Book) by Gary Taubes, 1993. Authoritative account of the cold fusion saga, has by far that most details about behind the scenes events, especially anything relating to Steven Jones and Marvin Hawkins.
Cold Fusion: The Scientific Fiasco of the Century (Book) by John Huizenga, 1992. Written by the co-chair of the Department of Energy Panel that investigated cold fusion, this book is very in depth when it comes to the science.
Cold Fusion Research – A report of the Energy Advisory Board to the United States Department of Energy. November 1989.
Too Hot to Handle: The Race for Cold Fusion (Book) by Frank Close, 1991. The first major book written about cold fusion written from the perspective of a physicist following the story as an outside observer. Has particularly good info on the gamma ray peak dispute. Close also gave a public talk on the contents of his book in 1991 which was recorded.
Voodoo Science: The Road from Foolishness to Fraud (Book) by Robert Park, 2000. Cold fusion is mentioned as one of several examples of 'Voodoo Science' throughout the book, which generally has a focus on Washington and science funding.
The Cornell Cold Fusion Archive (originally curated by Bruce Lewenstein). Has an extensive copy of many original documents, news coverage, etc. They also provided me with a digitized video copy of the Baltimore APS meeting.
Truth and Consequences: How Colleges and Universities Meet Public Crises (Book) by Jerrold Footlick, 1997. A chapter of this book is dedicated to assessing how the University of Utah administration handled the cold fusion controversy.
The Believers (Documentary) by Clayton Brown and Monica Long Ross, 2012. This film catalogues the diminished state of cold fusion research two decades later, interviewing many of its remaining proponents.
Cold Fusion: A case study for scientific behavior, an educational resource produced by the University of California, Berkeley. 2012.
Berlinguette et. al. Revisiting the cold case of cold fusion. Nature 570:45-51
Guffey et. al. Experimental Lessons in Replication of ‘Low Energy Nuclear Reactions’.
Audio recording from the ACS Dallas meeting from April 1989.
CSPAN recording of the Science Space and Technology committee hearing on Cold Fusion on April 28th 1989.
CSPAN recording of Utah Rep. Wayne Owens on January 25th 1990.
CSPAN audience call-in segment on cold fusion on May 4th 1989.
Video recording of the ECS Los Angeles meeting from May 8th 1989.
10+ hours of assorted local Utah TV news coverage archived by the University of Utah Library.
BBC Horizon – Too Close to the Sun, 1994.
CBC – The Secret Life of Cold Fusion, 1994.
Tomorrow’s World (TV Programme), March 28th 1989.
60 Minutes – Cold fusion is hot again, 2009.
Fusion Fiasco (Book) by Steven Krivit, 2016. Book 2 of 3 in a series about cold fusion and LENR. Krivit heavily editorializes in favour of Pons and Fleischmann and is an advocate of LENR. With that caveat, he has done extensive independent research including interviews with many of those involved and cites documents not widely published anywhere else.
Fire from Ice: Searching for the Truth Behind the Cold Fusion Furor (Book) by Eugene Mallove, 1991.
Fire from Ice (Documentary) directed by Eugene Mallove, 1998.
Excess Heat: Why Cold Fusion Research Prevailed (Book) by Charles Beaudette, 2000.

The Dead Grad Student Problem

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

One of the greatest mysteries in nuclear physics.
See part 3 two weeks early: https://nebula.tv/videos/bobbybroccoli-you-cant-kill-an-idea

Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jn92eWhGG14
Twitter profile: https://x.com/BobbyBroccole
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/c/bobbybroccoli
Research assistant: Chris Pepin
Assistant editor: Charlie Arsenault
Script Feedback: Chris Pepin, Charlie Arsenault, Boundo
Thumbnail by Hotcyder (@hotcyder )
Data for publication rate by year compiled by Daniel Jarabek
Blender assistance from Chris Hanel (@ChrisHanel )
Music from the Youtube Audio Library, Epidemic Sound, and White bat Audio (@WhiteBatAudio )
3D Models (TV, whiteboard, phone, office supplies) licensed from CGTrader. Additional imagery licensed from Getty Images and the Associated Press.

Sources:
Fleischmann, M., and S. Pons. 1989. Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 261:301–308.
Fleischmann, M., and S. Pons et. al. 1990. Calorimetry of the palladium-deuterium-heavy water system. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 287:293–348.
Jones, S.E, E.P Palmer, J.B Czirr, D.L Decker, G.L Jensen, J.M Thorne, S.F Taylor, and J Rafelski. 1989. Observation of cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter. Nature 388:737–740.
Newspaper coverage from a wide variety of sources, but a large amount from the Salt Lake City Tribune and the Deseret News.
Televised March 23rd 1989 Press Conference at the University of Utah announcing cold fusion.
Bad Science: The Short Life and Weird Times of Cold Fusion (Book) by Gary Taubes, 1993. Authoritative account of the cold fusion saga, has by far that most details about behind the scenes events, especially anything relating to Steven Jones and Marvin Hawkins. Taubes is also notable for his reporting on the Texas A&M tritium spiking allegations.
Cold Fusion: The Scientific Fiasco of the Century (Book) by John Huizenga, 1992. Written by the co-chair of the Department of Energy Panel that investigated cold fusion, this book is very in depth when it comes to the science.
Cold Fusion Research – A report of the Energy Advisory Board to the United States Department of Energy. November 1989.
Too Hot to Handle: The Race for Cold Fusion (Book) by Frank Close, 1991. The first major book written about cold fusion written from the perspective of a physicist following the story as an outside observer. Has particularly good info on the gamma ray peak dispute. Close also gave a public talk on the contents of his book in 1991 which was recorded.
Voodoo Science: The Road from Foolishness to Fraud (Book) by Robert Park, 2000. Cold fusion is mentioned as one of several examples of 'Voodoo Science' throughout the book, which generally has a focus on Washington and science funding.
The Cornell Cold Fusion Archive (originally curated by Bruce Lewenstein). Has an extensive copy of many original documents, news coverage, etc. They also provided me with a digitized video copy of the Baltimore APS meeting.
Truth and Consequences: How Colleges and Universities Meet Public Crises (Book) by Jerrold Footlick, 1997. A chapter of this book is dedicated to assessing how the University of Utah administration handled the cold fusion controversy.
The Believers (Documentary) by Clayton Brown and Monica Long Ross, 2012. This film catalogues the diminished state of cold fusion research two decades later, interviewing many of its remaining proponents.
Cold Fusion: A case study for scientific behavior, an educational resource produced by the University of California, Berkeley. 2012.
Berlinguette et. al. Revisiting the cold case of cold fusion. Nature 570:45-51
Guffey et. al. Experimental Lessons in Replication of ‘Low Energy Nuclear Reactions’.
Audio recording from the ACS Dallas meeting from April 1989.
CSPAN recording of the Science Space and Technology committee hearing on Cold Fusion on April 28th 1989.
CSPAN recording of Utah Rep. Wayne Owens on January 25th 1990.
CSPAN audience call-in segment on cold fusion on May 4th 1989.
Video recording of the ECS Los Angeles meeting from May 8th 1989.
10+ hours of assorted local Utah TV news coverage archived by the University of Utah Library.
BBC Horizon – Too Close to the Sun, 1994.
CBC – The Secret Life of Cold Fusion, 1994.
Tomorrow’s World (TV Programme), March 28th 1989.
60 Minutes – Cold fusion is hot again, 2009.
Fusion Fiasco (Book) by Steven Krivit, 2016. Book 2 of 3 in a series about cold fusion and LENR. Krivit heavily editorializes in favour of Pons and Fleischmann and is an advocate of LENR. With that caveat, he has done extensive independent research including interviews with many of those involved and cites documents not widely published anywhere else.
Fire from Ice: Searching for the Truth Behind the Cold Fusion Furor (Book) by Eugene Mallove, 1991.
Fire from Ice (Documentary) directed by Eugene Mallove, 1998.
Excess Heat: Why Cold Fusion Research Prevailed (Book) by Charles Beaudette, 2000.

The Men Who Promised the Impossible: Unlimited Energy

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

You can't believe everything you see on the news.
See part 2 early: https://nebula.tv/videos/bobbybroccoli-you-cant-show-that-on-tv

Twitter profile: https://x.com/BobbyBroccole
Research assistant: Chris Pepin
Assistant editor: Charlie Arsenault
Script Feedback: Chris Pepin, Charlie Arsenault, Boundo
Thumbnail by Hotcyder (@hotcyder )
Data for publication rate by year compiled by Daniel Jarabek
Blender assistance from Chris Hanel (@ChrisHanel )
Music from the Youtube Audio Library, Epidemic Sound, and White bat Audio (@WhiteBatAudio )
3D Models (TV, whiteboard, phone, office supplies) licensed from CGTrader. Additional imagery licensed from Getty Images and the Associated Press.

Sources:
Fleischmann, M., and S. Pons. 1989. Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 261:301–308.
Fleischmann, M., and S. Pons et. al. 1990. Calorimetry of the palladium-deuterium-heavy water system. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 287:293–348.
Jones, S.E, E.P Palmer, J.B Czirr, D.L Decker, G.L Jensen, J.M Thorne, S.F Taylor, and J Rafelski. 1989. Observation of cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter. Nature 388:737–740.
Newspaper coverage from a wide variety of sources, but a large amount from the Salt Lake City Tribune and the Deseret News.
Televised March 23rd 1989 Press Conference at the University of Utah announcing cold fusion.
Bad Science: The Short Life and Weird Times of Cold Fusion (Book) by Gary Taubes, 1993. Authoritative account of the cold fusion saga, has by far that most details about behind the scenes events, especially anything relating to Steven Jones and Marvin Hawkins. Taubes is also notable for his reporting on the Texas A&M tritium spiking allegations.
Cold Fusion: The Scientific Fiasco of the Century (Book) by John Huizenga, 1992. Written by the co-chair of the Department of Energy Panel that investigated cold fusion, this book is very in depth when it comes to the science.
Cold Fusion Research – A report of the Energy Advisory Board to the United States Department of Energy. November 1989.
Too Hot to Handle: The Race for Cold Fusion (Book) by Frank Close, 1991. The first major book written about cold fusion written from the perspective of a physicist following the story as an outside observer. Has particularly good info on the gamma ray peak dispute. Close also gave a public talk on the contents of his book in 1991 which was recorded.
Voodoo Science: The Road from Foolishness to Fraud (Book) by Robert Park, 2000. Cold fusion is mentioned as one of several examples of 'Voodoo Science' throughout the book, which generally has a focus on Washington and science funding.
The Cornell Cold Fusion Archive (originally curated by Bruce Lewenstein). Has an extensive copy of many original documents, news coverage, etc. They also provided me with a digitized video copy of the Baltimore APS meeting.
Truth and Consequences: How Colleges and Universities Meet Public Crises (Book) by Jerrold Footlick, 1997. A chapter of this book is dedicated to assessing how the University of Utah administration handled the cold fusion controversy.
The Believers (Documentary) by Clayton Brown and Monica Long Ross, 2012. This film catalogues the diminished state of cold fusion research two decades later, interviewing many of its remaining proponents. It features some of the last interviews with Martin Fleischmann before his death in 2012.
Cold Fusion: A case study for scientific behavior, an educational resource produced by the University of California, Berkeley. 2012.
Berlinguette et. al. Revisiting the cold case of cold fusion. Nature 570:45-51
Guffey et. al. Experimental Lessons in Replication of ‘Low Energy Nuclear Reactions’.
Audio recording from the ACS Dallas meeting from April 1989.
CSPAN recording of the Science Space and Technology committee hearing on Cold Fusion on April 28th 1989.
CSPAN recording of Utah Rep. Wayne Owens advocating for cold fusion funding on January 25th 1990.
CSPAN audience call-in segment on cold fusion on May 4th 1989.
Video recording of the ECS Los Angeles meeting from May 8th 1989.
10+ hours of assorted local Utah TV news coverage archived by the University of Utah Library.
BBC Horizon – Too Close to the Sun, 1994.
CBC – The Secret Life of Cold Fusion, 1994.
Tomorrow’s World (TV Programme), March 28th 1989.
60 Minutes – Cold fusion is hot again, 2009.
Fusion Fiasco (Book) by Steven Krivit, 2016. Book 2 of 3 in a series about cold fusion and LENR. Krivit heavily editorializes in favour of Pons and Fleischmann and is an advocate of LENR. With that caveat, he has done extensive independent research including interviews with many of those involved and cites documents not widely published anywhere else.
Fire from Ice: Searching for the Truth Behind the Cold Fusion Furor (Book) by Eugene Mallove, 1991.
Fire from Ice (Documentary) directed by Eugene Mallove, 1998.
Excess Heat: Why Cold Fusion Research Prevailed (Book) by Charles Beaudette, 2000.

I'm making a movie!

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

I've been hard at work on a bunch of cool things, and today I can announce my biggest project to date! If you would like to support the production of the movie, or just me in general, you can sign up for Nebula here: https://go.nebula.tv/17pages?ref=bobbybroccoli

Art by Adrian Stone:
https://stoneadrian.com/
https://www.instagram.com/stoneadrianart/?hl=en

How to make a BobbyBroccoli video

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

The wait is over, here's a quick overview of how I make my videos! Please feel free to ask questions in the comments.

Check out my class on Nebula to get access to my Blender project files: https://nebula.tv/how-to-make-a-bobbybroccoli-video

Charlie Arsenault – Assistant Editor
@hotcyder on Youtube for the thumbnail

My Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/bobbybroccoli
My Twitter: https://twitter.com/BobbyBroccole

(If you cannot see your scene through your camera when you zoom super far in or out, try changing the "Clip Start" and "Clip End" properties for your camera)

Some Blender creators whose videos have helped me in the past:
https://www.youtube.com/@ChrisHanel
https://www.youtube.com/@TheDucky3D
https://www.youtube.com/@Erindale

Intro to Blender videos:
https://youtu.be/Rqhtw7dg6Wk?si=e8xmV7r56xV2HCkZ
https://youtu.be/8K4AShjq-MU?si=hWNGI567JFWEZoLG

The three tutorials mentioned at the end:
https://youtu.be/s90lankhBHc?si=_C3bMNLxqsBPZsiD
https://youtu.be/g6JaN50aPRk?si=765xxoWdow9m2HFB
https://youtu.be/hnLsktA4gmY?si=bWaAY31lxr6VDwnx

Sinking in Scandal: A Canadian Tragedy

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

As Canada's most valuable company, Nortel entered the 2000s with a boom. It would not survive the next decade. Part 2 of 2.

Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/bobbybroccoli

Part 1: https://youtu.be/I6xwMIUPHss?si=VJ2QiWiDeg6TYhBs

I'm on sites! :
https://twitter.com/bobbybroccole
https://www.patreon.com/bobbybroccoli

People to thank:
Subtitles provided by @redslendy
Charlie Arsenault – Assistant Editor
@ThePlainBagel on Youtube for providing me with Nortel’s stock price data
@ChrisHanel on Youtube for extensive Blender Geometry Nodes assistance
@hotcyder on Youtube for the thumbnail

Additional imagery licensed from Getty.
Music from the Youtube Audio Library and Epidemic Sound.
Additional music from @REPULSIVE and @WhitebatAudio
3D boat models are Royalty free assets:
https://www.cgtrader.com/free-3d-models/watercraft/industrial-watercraft/polygrunt-low-poly-boat-or-water-craft-or-sea-vehicle
https://cults3d.com/en/3d-model/game/ss-edmund-fitzgerald-final
https://www.cgtrader.com/free-3d-models/watercraft/recreational-watercraft/sailboat--10
https://www.cgtrader.com/free-3d-print-models/miniatures/vehicles/simple-ns-savannah-version-two

Edmund Fitzgerald Bell Picture licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bell_from_the_SS_Edmund_Fitzgerald_(36255067084).jpg

A note on interviews: I spoke to over a dozen former Nortel employees for this series and those conversations provided many insights you'll hear throughout. Because some of the interviewees still work in the industry I have kept all names anonymous. If there is a direct quote with a name attached it's because it was a quote said publicly.

Sources:
The Bubble and the Bear – How Nortel Burst the Canadian Dream by Douglas Hunter (2002)
Nortel Networks – How Innovation Created a Network Giant by Larry MacDonald (2000)
No Fear: Tales of a Change Agent or Why I couldn’t Fix Nortel Networks by Tim Dempsey (2014)
Silicon Valley North: A High Tech Cluster of Innovation and Entrepreneurship edited by Larisa V. Shavina (2004)
Knights of the New Technology by David Thomas (1983)
Adventures in Innovation: Inside the Rise and Fall of Nortel by John F. Tyson (2014)
The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires by Tim Wu (2011)
100 Days: The Rush to Judgement That Killed Nortel by James Bagnall (2013)
For $ale to the Highest Bidder: Telecom Policy in Canada edited by Marita Moll and Leslie Regan Shade (2008)
The Invisible Empire: A History of the Telecommunications Industry in Canada, 1846-1956 by Jean-Guy Rens (2001)
The Avro Arrow: For the Record by Palmiro Campagna (2019)
The Deal of the Century: The Breakup of AT&T by Steve Coll (1986)
Asleep at the Switch: The Political Economy of Federal Research and Development Policy since 1960 by Bruce Smardon (2014)
Canadian Science, Technology and Innovation Policy by G. Bruce Doern, David Castle and Peter W.B. Phillips (2016)
Reconcilable Differences: A History of Canada-US Relations by Stephen Azzi (2015)
Pa Bell: The Meteoric Rise of Bell Canada Enterprises by Lawrence Surtees (1992)
Random Excess: The Wild Ride of Michael Cowpland and Corel by Ross Laver (1998)
Dot.con: How America Lost its Mind and Money in the Internet Era by John Cassidy (2002)
TV Interview with John Roth on Market Watch on CNBC, October 1999
Royal Canadian Air Farce Episode from February 23rd 2001
The Rise and demise of Lucent Technologies by William Lazonick and Edward March (2010)
Brain Drain: Why do some post-secondary Graduates Choose to Work in the United States? By Brahim Bordarbat and Marie Connolly (2013)
An Overview of the Demise of Nortel Networks and Key Lessons Learned: Systemic effects in environment, resilience and black-cloud formation, University of Ottawa (2014)
Class, Nationality and the Roots of the Branch Plant Economy by Gordon Laxer (1986)
Foreign Ownership and Myths about Canadian Development by Gordon Laxer (1985)
Gale of “Creative Destruction” Engulfs Nortel by Sanjeev Kumar Sharma (2011)
Nortel Technology Lens: Analysis and Observations by Peter MacKinnon, Peter Chapman, Hussein Mouftah, University of Ottawa (2015)
Capital Gains Taxation in Canada 1972-2017: Evolution in a Federal Setting by Francois Vaillancourt and Anna Kerkhoff (2019)
The 2010 Federal Budget – A summary of the key tax measure that have a direct impact on you – RBC Wealth Management Services, March 4th, 2010
The Changing Structure of American Innovation: Some Cautionary Remarks for Economic Growth by Ashish Arora, Sharon Belenzon, Andrea Patacconi, and Jungkyu Suh (2019)
Do Tax Differences Cause the Brain Drain? By Don Wagner (2000)
The Branch Plant Economy by Stephen Clarkson (1972)

0:00 The Fitzgerald
3:08 Brain Drain
12:15 Mind the GAAP
22:00 A Good Problem to Have
37:12 Red Ink
44:05 What's Done is Dunn
57:53 Them's the Breaks
1:14:28 Cookie Jar Accounting

The Company that Broke Canada

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

For a brief moment, Nortel Networks was on top of the world. Let's enjoy that moment while we can. Part 1 of 2.

Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/bobbybroccoli
Watch part 2 extra early: https://nebula.tv/videos/bobbybroccoli-sinking-in-scandal-the-death-of-nortel

Part 2: https://youtu.be/sDdC3-LT7pM?si=RfceRNpc5dZL9_pL

I'm on sites! :
https://twitter.com/bobbybroccole
https://www.patreon.com/bobbybroccoli

People to thank:
Subtitles provided by @redslendy
Charlie Arsenault – Assistant Editor
@ThePlainBagel on Youtube for providing me with Nortel’s stock price data
@ChrisHanel on Youtube for extensive Blender Geometry Nodes assistance
@hotcyder on Youtube for the thumbnail

Additional imagery licensed from Getty.
Music from the Youtube Audio Library and Epidemic Sound.
Additional music from @REPULSIVE and @WhitebatAudio
3D boat models are Royalty free assets:
https://www.cgtrader.com/free-3d-models/watercraft/industrial-watercraft/polygrunt-low-poly-boat-or-water-craft-or-sea-vehicle
https://cults3d.com/en/3d-model/game/ss-edmund-fitzgerald-final
https://www.cgtrader.com/free-3d-models/watercraft/recreational-watercraft/sailboat--10
https://www.cgtrader.com/free-3d-print-models/miniatures/vehicles/simple-ns-savannah-version-two

A note on interviews: I spoke to over a dozen former Nortel employees for this series and those conversations provided many insights you'll hear throughout. Because some of the interviewees still work in the industry I have kept all names anonymous. If there is a direct quote with a name attached it's because it was a quote said publicly.

Sources:
The Bubble and the Bear – How Nortel Burst the Canadian Dream by Douglas Hunter (2002)
Nortel Networks – How Innovation Created a Network Giant by Larry MacDonald (2000)
No Fear: Tales of a Change Agent or Why I couldn’t Fix Nortel Networks by Tim Dempsey (2014)
Silicon Valley North: A High Tech Cluster of Innovation and Entrepreneurship edited by Larisa V. Shavina (2004)
Knights of the New Technology by David Thomas (1983)
Adventures in Innovation: Inside the Rise and Fall of Nortel by John F. Tyson (2014)
The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires by Tim Wu (2011)
100 Days: The Rush to Judgement That Killed Nortel by James Bagnall (2013)
For $ale to the Highest Bidder: Telecom Policy in Canada edited by Marita Moll and Leslie Regan Shade (2008)
The Invisible Empire: A History of the Telecommunications Industry in Canada, 1846-1956 by Jean-Guy Rens (2001)
The Avro Arrow: For the Record by Palmiro Campagna (2019)
The Deal of the Century: The Breakup of AT&T by Steve Coll (1986)
Asleep at the Switch: The Political Economy of Federal Research and Development Policy since 1960 by Bruce Smardon (2014)
Canadian Science, Technology and Innovation Policy by G. Bruce Doern, David Castle and Peter W.B. Phillips (2016)
Reconcilable Differences: A History of Canada-US Relations by Stephen Azzi (2015)
Pa Bell: The Meteoric Rise of Bell Canada Enterprises by Lawrence Surtees (1992)
Random Excess: The Wild Ride of Michael Cowpland and Corel by Ross Laver (1998)
Dot.con: How America Lost its Mind and Money in the Internet Era by John Cassidy (2002)
TV Interview with John Roth on Market Watch on CNBC, October 1999
Royal Canadian Air Farce Episode from February 23rd 2001
The Rise and demise of Lucent Technologies by William Lazonick and Edward March (2010)
Brain Drain: Why do some post-secondary Graduates Choose to Work in the United States? By Brahim Bordarbat and Marie Connolly (2013)
An Overview of the Demise of Nortel Networks and Key Lessons Learned: Systemic effects in environment, resilience and black-cloud formation, University of Ottawa (2014)
Class, Nationality and the Roots of the Branch Plant Economy by Gordon Laxer (1986)
Foreign Ownership and Myths about Canadian Development by Gordon Laxer (1985)
Gale of “Creative Destruction” Engulfs Nortel by Sanjeev Kumar Sharma (2011)
Nortel Technology Lens: Analysis and Observations by Peter MacKinnon, Peter Chapman, Hussein Mouftah, University of Ottawa (2015)
Capital Gains Taxation in Canada 1972-2017: Evolution in a Federal Setting by Francois Vaillancourt and Anna Kerkhoff (2019)
The 2010 Federal Budget – A summary of the key tax measure that have a direct impact on you – RBC Wealth Management Services, March 4th, 2010
The Changing Structure of American Innovation: Some Cautionary Remarks for Economic Growth by Ashish Arora, Sharon Belenzon, Andrea Patacconi, and Jungkyu Suh (2019)
Do Tax Differences Cause the Brain Drain? By Don Wagner (2000)
The Branch Plant Economy by Stephen Clarkson (1972)

0:00 This is John Roth
2:04 The Elephant and the Mouse
12:47 Pa without Ma
26:27 Made in Amerada
42:15 Right Turns are Hard
57:43 Silicon Valley North
1:07:37 The Toronto Stock Explosion

The $21,000,000,000 hole in Texas

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

So there's this hole in Texas...This is a story about the greatest failure in American physics: The Superconducting Super Collider. This video is a super-sized compilation of all three parts of America's Missing Collider, from the Ronald Reagan era, to George Bush Sr., to Bill Clinton.

You can also watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/bobbybroccoli-the-21000000000-hole-in-texas

My Twitter and Patreon:
https://twitter.com/bobbybroccole
https://www.patreon.com/bobbybroccoli

Thumbnail created by @ChipmunkuChan

The primary source on all things SSC is the fantastic book "Tunnel Visions", which I used as a blueprint to map out the series. Details involving budgets and congressional votes I accessed from the official government websites, and inflation calculations were done by myself using an online tool. There are a bunch of other documents I read through such as "The Global Research and Development Landscape and Implications for the Department of Defense", "A TIMELINE OF MAJOR PARTICLE ACCELERATORS", "United States nuclear forces, 2019", "High Energy Physics Advisory Panel's Subpanel on Vision for the Future of High-Energy Physics May 1994", "The Intellectual Spoils of War? Defense R&D, Productivity and International Spillovers", "Accessory to War by Neil DeGrasse Tyson", "The Mission" by David W Brown, "The God Particle (The Higgs boson) by Leon Lederman".

Music by @WhiteBatAudio unless otherwise noted:
Part 1:
Brave New World
Endless Night
Home
Arcadia
Rain City
Forgotten Planet
Edge of Tomorrow
Night Crawler
Black Rainbows
Empty City
The Drop
Virtual Death
Prince of Darkness
Astral Projection
Afterglow
Hackers

Part 2:
Tryst by @REPULSIVE
Alliance
Moonlight
Endless Night
The Drop
Agent Cooper
The Heist
Last Stop
Empty City
New Beginnings
Sentimental
Mysterious Green Fluid
Sycophant
Virtual Death
Lucid Dream
Echoes
Crash Site
Night of the Creeps
Dangerous

Part 3:
Fortress Europe by Futuremono
Akanes Regret by @REPULSIVE
Dangerous
Miami Sky
The Showdown
The Night Dweller
Slasher
The Guardian
The Traveler
Nightscapes
Melt

Credits song: Hard Times Come Again No More by the Westerlies

0:00 Part 1: Reagan
1:02:52 Part 2: Bush
2:13:06 Part 3: Clinton

How to catch a criminal cloner

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

Weird how your entire career can fall apart thanks to one simple question: "Where did you get those eggs?" Korea's King of Cloning. Part 2 of 2.

Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/bobbybroccoli
Check out NEO's fantastic 3D animated doc "The Unknown City": https://nebula.tv/videos/neo-unknown-city

Part 1: https://youtu.be/ett_8wLJ87U

Support me on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/bobbybroccoli
Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/BobbyBroccole

Additional Images from Getty Images
Poker Table 3D model is a Royalty Free Asset licensed from tdubic on Freed3D.
All other footage from PD Notebook episodes “The Myth of Hwang Woo Suk”, “The Rise and fall of the cloning King, Dr. Hwang”, “The Egg Donor Issue”.
황우석

Music from Youtube Audio Library and Epidemic Sound (in order of appearance):
Headlights in the Fog - @Whitebat Audio
Blacksmith – Godmode
Bonos – Coyote Hearing
Fortress Europe – Dan Bodan
Beyond the Lows – The Whole Other
Ether Oar – The Whole Other
Sydney’s Skyline – ALBIS
Seductress – Francis Preve
Backdoors – Skrya
Hiding DNA – Skrya
19th Floor – Bobby Richards
Bio – Wendel Scherer
Cloak – Christoffer Moe Ditlevsen
Generations Away – Unicorn Heads
The Mole – Christoffer Moe Ditlevsen
To Pass Time – Godmode
Traversing – Godmode
Night Dweller - @Whitebat Audio
Edge of Tomorrow - @Whitebat Audio
Last Echoes – Nylonia
1908 Vol. II – REPULSIVE
Insular – Nylonia
Space Coast – Topher Mohr and Alex Elana
Stranger Danger – Francis Preve
Stars and Constellations – Sarah, The Illstrumentalist

Sources:
COMPETING “ORIGINARY” TECHNOLOGIES: HUMAN CLONING, EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS AND BUDDHISM IN SOUTH KOREA AND BEYOND
Explaining the Hwang Scandal: National Scientific Culture and Its Global Relevance
Modest Witnessing and Managing the Boundaries between Science and the Media: A Case Study of Breakthrough and Scandal
How Could a Scientist Become a National Celebrity? Nationalism and Hwang Woo-Suk Scandal
Making matters of fraud: Sociomaterial technology in the case of Hwang and Schatten
Comparing Public Discourses in Stem Cell Policy Debates
The Discourse of National Population Crisis and Its Framing of Bioethical Issues in Contemporary South Korea
Fraudulent Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research in South Korea: Lessons Learned
Questioning Hype, Rescuing Hope? The Hwang stem cells scandal and the reassertion of hopeful horizons:
How Young Korean Researchers Helped Unearth a Scandal – Science Magazine
Science, patriotism and discourses of nation and culture: reflections on the South Korean stem cell breakthroughs and scandals
The Challenges of Governing Biotechnology in Korea
The Hwang Woo-Suk Scandal Hasn’t Ended
The Hwang Scandal That “Shook the World of Science”
Evidence of a Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line Derived from a Cloned Blastocyst (2004 paper)
Patient-Specific Embryonic Stem Cells Derived from Human SCNT Blastocysts (2005 paper)
Dogs cloned from adult somatic cells (Nature)
Human embryonic stem cells: Derivation, culture, and differentiation: A review
Science, Technology, and the Imaginaries of Development in South Korea
Rethinking Women and Their Bodies in the Age of Biotechnology: Feminist Commentaries on the Hwang Affair
Protecting Egg Donors and Human Embryos—The Failure of the South Korean Bioethics and Biosafety Act
The Ethical and Regulatory Problems in the Stem Cell Scandal
Nature’s Comprehensive Timeline of the Hwang Scandal: https://www.nature.com/news/2005/051219/full/news051219-3.html

0:00 The Family
4:50 The Sacrifice
15:08 The Line
24:12 The Hunt
32:16 The Bombshell
39:48 The Outrage
48:49 The Encore
55:47 The Consequences
1:02:40 The End

The man who faked human cloning

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

This is the scientific scandal that rocked an entire country. Korea's King of Cloning. Part 1 of 2.

Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/bobbybroccoli
Watch part 2 extra early: https://nebula.tv/videos/bobbybroccoli-how-to-catch-a-criminal-cloner

Part 2: https://youtu.be/st6yupvNkVo

Support me on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/bobbybroccoli
Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/BobbyBroccole

Additional Images from Getty Images
Poker Table 3D model is a Royalty Free Asset licensed from tdubic on Freed3D.
State of the Union Clip from the AP Archive. Bush Stem Cell address from CSPAN.
All other footage from PD Notebook episodes “The Myth of Hwang Woo Suk”, “The Rise and fall of the cloning King, Dr. Hwang”, “The Egg Donor Issue”.
황우석

Music from Youtube Audio Library and Epidemic Sound (in order of appearance):
Familiar Things - The Whole Other
Alliance – Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio
Brave New World – Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio
Sonic – Lish Grooves
Boards – Francis Preve
Slice of Paradise – Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio
Arcadia – Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio
Namaste by Audionautix is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Artist: http://audionautix.com/
Absolutely Nothing – Jeremy Blake
MydNyte – Noir Et Blanc
Dark Matter – Chasms
The Showdown – Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio
Stranger Danger – Francis Preve
Blue Macaw – Quincas Moirera
Lucid Dream – Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio
Melt – Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio
Dangerous – Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio
Last Stop – Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio
Control Sample - Skyra
Fortress Europe – Dan Bodan

Sources:
COMPETING “ORIGINARY” TECHNOLOGIES: HUMAN CLONING, EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS AND BUDDHISM IN SOUTH KOREA AND BEYOND
Explaining the Hwang Scandal: National Scientific Culture and Its Global Relevance
Modest Witnessing and Managing the Boundaries between Science and the Media: A Case Study of Breakthrough and Scandal
How Could a Scientist Become a National Celebrity? Nationalism and Hwang Woo-Suk Scandal
Making matters of fraud: Sociomaterial technology in the case of Hwang and Schatten
Comparing Public Discourses in Stem Cell Policy Debates
The Discourse of National Population Crisis and Its Framing of Bioethical Issues in Contemporary South Korea
Fraudulent Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research in South Korea: Lessons Learned
Questioning Hype, Rescuing Hope? The Hwang stem cells scandal and the reassertion of hopeful horizons:
How Young Korean Researchers Helped Unearth a Scandal – Science Magazine
Science, patriotism and discourses of nation and culture: reflections on the South Korean stem cell breakthroughs and scandals
The Challenges of Governing Biotechnology in Korea
The Hwang Woo-Suk Scandal Hasn’t Ended
The Hwang Scandal That “Shook the World of Science”
Evidence of a Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line Derived from a Cloned Blastocyst (2004 paper)
Patient-Specific Embryonic Stem Cells Derived from Human SCNT Blastocysts (2005 paper)
Dogs cloned from adult somatic cells (Nature)
Human embryonic stem cells: Derivation, culture, and differentiation: A review
Science, Technology, and the Imaginaries of Development in South Korea
Rethinking Women and Their Bodies in the Age of Biotechnology: Feminist Commentaries on the Hwang Affair
Protecting Egg Donors and Human Embryos—The Failure of the South Korean Bioethics and Biosafety Act
The Ethical and Regulatory Problems in the Stem Cell Scandal
Nature’s Comprehensive Timeline of the Hwang Scandal: https://www.nature.com/news/2005/051219/full/news051219-3.html

0:00 The Idea
9:34 The Crisis
15:14 The Celebrity
24:34 The King
31:50 The Theory
42:20 The American
53:51 The Loophole

The man who tried to fake an element

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

This is the race for the periodic table.

Where else you can find me:
https://twitter.com/bobbybroccole
https://www.patreon.com/bobbybroccoli

Big thank you to @CGFigures for the Blender geonodes help: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N4TYfYf1fjo&ab_channel=CGFigures

Further reading:
“Superheavy” by Kit Chapman. A decade by decade history of the labs who raced to fill out the periodic table. Excellent introductory text.
“The Transuranium People” by Glenn Seaborg, Al Ghiorso and Darleane Hoffman. An insider account of the element race.
“When Science Goes Wrong: Twelve Tales from the Dark Side of Discovery” by Simon Levay. Chapter 12 is dedicated to the Ninov scandal and has some interesting (and antagonistic) interviews with Ninov himself after the scandal.
“The Disappearing Spoon” by Sam Kean. One chapter very briefly touches on the Ninov scandal.
“Committee on the Formal Investigation of Alleged Scientific Misconduct by LBNL Staff Scientist Dr. Victor Ninov”. The Berkeley report on the fraud.
"Observation of Superheavy Nuclei Produced in the Reaction of 86 Kr with 208 Pb", the retracted Ninov paper in Physical Review Letters.
Nucleide chart dataset: https://people.physics.anu.edu.au/~ecs103/chart/

Music tracks are a mix from the Youtube Audio Library and Epidemic sound. Tracks in order of appearance:
Know Myself- Patrick Patrikios
Blacksmith - Godmode
Boards – Francis Preve
Fugent – Lupus Nocte
Knowpe – Noir Et Blanc Vie
September Pass – Asher Fulero
Long Road - Futuremono
Stranger Danger – Francis Preve
19th Floor – Bobby Richards
Sun Awakening - Futuremono
Grasshopper – Quincas Moreira
The Beaten Path – Andrew Langdon
Dark Matter - Chasms
Venetian – Density & Time
No Good Right – Freedom Trail Studio
Bonos – Coyote Hearing
MydNyte – Noir Et Blanc Vie
Seductress – Francis Preve
Last Echoes – Nylonia
Hiding DNA – Skrya
Absolutely Nothing – Jeremy Blake
Beyond the Lows – The Whole Other
Control Sample – Skrya
Ether Oar – The Whole Other
Familiar Things – The Whole Other
Fortress Europe – Dan Bodan
Insular – Nylonia
Komorebi – Futuremono
Far Away – Lucention

0:00 The Mistake
6:54 The Sea
13:00 The Captain
20:50 The War
27:15 The Island
34:00 The Miracle
49:30 The Goose-Chase
1:04:25 The Fallout
1:13:15 The End

The image you can't submit to journals anymore

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

The most widely-used image in academic history is no longer accepted in journals. So what happened?

I'm on Twitter and Patreon:
https://twitter.com/bobbybroccole
https://www.patreon.com/bobbybroccoli

Voiceovers provided by:
@HeavyEyed
@hotcyder
@Darkfry
@Your Awful Sons
Kevin from PixelLit (pixellitpod.com)

Music in order:
Mydnyte by Noir Et Blanc Vie
Six Seasons by Unicorn Heads
Namaste by Audionautix is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Artist: http://audionautix.com/
No Good Right by Freedom Trail Studio
September Pass by Asher Fulero
Sonic by Lish Grooves
Stranger Danger by Francis Preve
Lasting Hope by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100178
Artist: http://incompetech.com/
Space Coast by Topher Mohr and Alex Elena

Bill Clinton & the Day Physics Died

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

Wondering why this is in your feed again? Well it involves an absurd story which you can read about here: https://twitter.com/BobbyBroccole/status/1532725334604451841

There's a hole in Texas, and we've come full circle. This is a story about the greatest failure in American physics: The Superconducting Super Collider. Part 3 of 3.

Part 1: https://youtu.be/ivVzGpznw1U
Part 2: https://youtu.be/6JnT37oUV_w

My Twitter and Patreon:
https://twitter.com/bobbybroccole
https://www.patreon.com/bobbybroccoli

The primary source on all things SSC is the book "Tunnel Visions", which I used as a blueprint to map out the series. Many of the quotes are taken from that book, which used primary interviews and are sourced very extensively. Stuff involving budgets and congress I accessed from the official government websites, including votes on bills and amendments, and inflation calculations were done by myself using an online tool. There are a bunch of other documents I read through such as "The Global Research and Development Landscape and Implications for the Department of Defense", "A TIMELINE OF MAJOR PARTICLE ACCELERATORS", "United States nuclear forces, 2019", "High Energy Physics Advisory Panel's Subpanel on Vision for the Future of High-Energy Physics May 1994", "The Intellectual Spoils of War? Defense R&D, Productivity and International Spillovers", "Accessory to War by Neil DeGrasse Tyson", "The Mission by David W Brown", "The God Particle (The Higgs boson) by Leon Lederman".

Thumbnail assistance from @hotcyder
Site footage graciously captured by @ohboyfelix on twitter

0:00 The Day Physics Ended
3:11 The Revenge of the C Students
11:09 A Bridge Too Far
21:56 Buried in Waxahachie
31:04 Fewer Ribs, More Fondue

Fortress Europe by Futuremono
Akanes Regret by REPULSIVE
Credits: Hard Times Come Again No More by the Westerlies
All other music by @WhiteBatAudio
Dangerous
Miami Sky
The Showdown
The Night Dweller
Slasher
The Guardian
The Traveler
Nightscapes
Melt

George Bush vomited & set Physics back by a decade

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

All it takes it one upset stomach to change the course of history. This is a story about the greatest failure in American physics: The Superconducting Super Collider. Part 2 of 3.

Part 1: https://youtu.be/ivVzGpznw1U
Part 3: https://youtu.be/15zHLXvFUs0

The primary source on all things SSC is the book "Tunnel Visions", which I used as a blueprint to map out the series. Many of the quotes are taken from that book, which used primary interviews and are sourced very extensively. Stuff involving budgets and congress I accessed from the official government websites, including votes on bills and amendments, and inflation calculations were done by myself using an online tool. There are a bunch of other documents I read through such as "The Global Research and Development Landscape and Implications for the Department of Defense", "A TIMELINE OF MAJOR PARTICLE ACCELERATORS", "United States nuclear forces, 2019", "High Energy Physics Advisory Panel's Subpanel on Vision for the Future of High-Energy Physics May 1994", "The Intellectual Spoils of War? Defense R&D, Productivity and International Spillovers", "Accessory to War by Neil DeGrasse Tyson", "The Mission by David W Brown", "The God Particle (The Higgs boson) by Leon Lederman".

My Twitter and Patreon:
https://twitter.com/bobbybroccole
https://www.patreon.com/bobbybroccoli

Thumbnail assistance from @Hotcyder

0:00 Call me Tex
11:05 The Revolving Door
18:39 All Hands on Deck
30:18 The Three Pronged Attack
46:53 Burning Bridges, Mending Fences
59:20 Swords Drawn

Tryst by REPULSIVE
All other music by @WhiteBatAudio:
Alliance
Moonlight
Endless Night
The Drop
Agent Cooper
The Heist
Last Stop
Empty City
New Beginnings
Sentimental
Mysterious Green Fluid
Sycophant
Virtual Death
Lucid Dream
Echoes
Crash Site
Night of the Creeps
Dangerous

Ronald Reagan & the Biggest Failure in Physics

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

This is a story about the greatest failure in American physics: The Superconducting Super Collider. It's a story that involves 3 presidents, billions of dollars, the Higgs boson, and Star Wars. This is part 1 of 3.

Part 2: https://youtu.be/6JnT37oUV_w
Part 3: https://youtu.be/15zHLXvFUs0

The primary source on all things SSC is the book "Tunnel Visions", which I used as a blueprint to map out the series. Many of the quotes are taken from that book, which used primary interviews and are sourced very extensively. Stuff involving budgets and congress I accessed from the official government websites, including votes on bills and amendments, and inflation calculations were done by myself using an online tool. There are a bunch of other documents I read through such as "The Global Research and Development Landscape and Implications for the Department of Defense", "A TIMELINE OF MAJOR PARTICLE ACCELERATORS", "United States nuclear forces, 2019", "High Energy Physics Advisory Panel's Subpanel on Vision for the Future of High-Energy Physics May 1994", "The Intellectual Spoils of War? Defense R&D, Productivity and International Spillovers", "Accessory to War by Neil DeGrasse Tyson", "The Mission by David W Brown", "The God Particle by Leon Lederman".

0:00 The November Revolution
11:47 How the Sausage Gets Made
22:53 Mount Gipper
37:09 Maury, Magnets and Mayhem
44:39 Nothing Personnel
52:45 The Great American Lottery

My Twitter and Patreon (shoutout to John Butler, last minute Patron):
https://twitter.com/bobbybroccole
https://www.patreon.com/bobbybroccoli

Thumbnail assistance from @Hotcyder

Music by @WhiteBatAudio AKA Karl Casey, in order:
Brave New World
Endless Night
Home
Arcadia
Rain City
Forgotten Planet
Edge of Tomorrow
Night Crawler
Black Rainbows
Empty City
The Drop
Virtual Death
Prince of Darkness
Astral Projection
Afterglow
Hackers

That Time a Biker Gang Tried to Buy a Canadian Nuclear Bunker

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

This is a story about a Baker, and the Bikers who wanted to buy his Bunker. Let's explore the mysteries of the Diefenbunker.

Credits music is "Don't Look for me Now" by Neha Sin. (https://open.spotify.com/artist/0J5KI4iVUznqLp2lDwALqj)

Many thanks to the Diefenbunker staff who let us film there instead of telling us to leave.

Other songs used are (in order): Long Road, Absolutely Nothing, Stranger Danger, and Empire Seasons from the Youtube Audio Library.

My Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/bobbybroccoli
My twitter: https://twitter.com/bobbybroccole

Speedrunning my Electrical Engineering Master's

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

A (not so) quick overview about doing my Master's! I graduated in September 2021 with a Master's of Applied Science in Electrical Engineering, specializing in silicon photonics. Feel free to leave any questions for me in the comments!

My twitter : https://twitter.com/bobbybroccole
My Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/bobbybroccoli

0:00-1:11 Intro
1:12-3:53 My Bachelors, MEng vs MASc
3:54-6:21 What even is photonics?
6:22-13:26 Fall 2019: 3 courses
13:36-14:06 How to save 80% on electrical eng textbooks (not an ad)
14:07-19:50 Winter 2020: 2 courses
19:51-24:10 Summer 2020: My two thesis topics
24:11-29:08 Fall 2020/Winter2021: Bad News Bears
29:09-36:28 Summer 2021: The home stretch

The fake scientist who made it into a textbook

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

Who exactly is Claude Emile Jean-Baptiste Litre? That name sure rings a bell, huh?

This video was originally my contribution to a much larger collaboration. 60 creators, 60 seconds each, go give it a watch: https://youtu.be/2ca3lGwy4FQ

I'm on sites! :
https://twitter.com/bobbybroccole
https://www.patreon.com/bobbybroccoli

The Twins who Terrorized Physicists with a Sock Puppet Army

✇BobbyBroccoli
By: BobbyBroccoli

💾

For the longest time, the Bogdanoff brothers were most well known for getting nonsense Ph.Ds. But recently, they've become well know for something entirely different...and much more sinister...

RIP Grichka & Igor Bogdanoff

Part 1: https://youtu.be/2O1QA1VoRMM

Epiphysics blog: http://ybmessager.free.fr/docs/potpourri.html

My Patreon and Twitter :
https://www.patreon.com/bobbybroccoli
https://twitter.com/bobbybroccole

0:00 Welcome back
0:55 Chapter 6
7:28 Chapter 7
16:18 Chapter 8
22:44 Chapter 9
27:32 Chapter 10
36:55 Chapter 0
❌